作者:张华 发表于:2014-06-23版权声明:能够随意转载,转载时请务必以超链接形式标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本版权声明
(http://blog.csdn.net/quqi99 )
Ceph理论
见我的博客:http://blog.csdn.net/quqi99/article/details/32939509注意点:
a, 一个ceph cluster至少须要1个mon节点和2个osd节点才干达到active + clean状态(故osd pool default size得>=2, 注意:假设不想复制的话,弄一个osd节点也是能够的。仅仅须要将复制的备份数由默认3改为1就可以,即sudo ceph osd pool set data min_size 1),meta节点仅仅有运行ceph文件系统时才须要。
所以假设仅仅有一个单节点的话,须要在ceph deploy new命令之后紧接着运行下列命令改动ceph.conf配置:
echo "osd crush chooseleaf type = 0" >> ceph.conf echo "osd pool default size = 1" >> ceph.conf
osd crush chooseleaf type參数非常重要,解释见:https://ceph.com/docs/master/rados/configuration/ceph-conf/
b, 多个网卡的话。可在ceph.conf的[global]段中加入public network = {cidr}參数
c, 一个osd块设备最好大于5G,不然创建日志系统时会空间太小, 或改动:
echo "osd journal size = 100" >> ceph.conf
d, 測试时不想那么涉及权限那么麻烦,能够
echo "auth cluster required = none" >> ceph.conf
echo "auth service required = none" >> ceph.conf echo "auth client required = none" >> ceph.confe, 想使用权限的话。过程例如以下:
一旦 cephx 启用, ceph 会在默认的搜索路径寻找 keyring 。 像 /etc/ceph/ceph.$name.keyring 。能够的 ceph 配置文件的 [global] 段,加入 keyring 配置指定这个路径。但不推荐这样做。
创建 client.admin key 。 并在你的 client host 上保存一份$ ceph auth get-or-create client.admin mon 'allow *' mds 'allow *' osd 'allow *' -o /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring注意 : 此命令会毁坏己有的 /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring 。 为你的 cluster 创建一个 keyring ,创建一个 monitor 安全 key$ ceph-authtool --create-keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon 'allow *'复制上面创建的 monitor keyring 到全部 monitor 的 mon data 文件夹,并命名为 ceph.mon.keyring 。比如。复制它到 cluster ceph 的 mon.a monitor$ cp /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-$(hostname)/keyring为全部 OSD 生成安全 key , {$id} 指 OSD number$ ceph auth get-or-create osd.{$id} mon 'allow rwx' osd 'allow *' -o /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-{$id}/keyring为全部 MDS 生成安全 key , {$id} 指 MDS letter$ ceph auth get-or-create mds.{$id} mon 'allow rwx' osd 'allow *' mds 'allow *' -o /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-{$id}/keyring为 0.51 版本号以上的 ceph 启动 cephx 认证,在配置文件的 [global] 段加入auth cluster required = cephxauth service required = cephxauth client required = cephx
环境准备
单节点node1上同一时候安装osd(一块块设备/dev/ceph-volumes/lv-ceph0),mds, mon, client与admin。 1, 确保/etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 192.168.99.116 node1 2, 确保安装ceph-deply的机器和其他全部节点的ssh免密码訪问(ssh-keygen && ssh-copy-id othernode)安装步骤(注意,以下全部的操作均在admin节点进行)1, 准备两块块设备(块设备能够是硬盘,也能够是LVM卷),我们这里使用文件裸设备模拟 dd if=/dev/zero of=/bak/images/ceph-volumes.img bs=1M count=4096 oflag=direct sgdisk -g --clear /bak/images/ceph-volumes.img sudo vgcreate ceph-volumes $(sudo losetup --show -f /bak/images/ceph-volumes.img) sudo lvcreate -L2G -nceph0 ceph-volumes sudo lvcreate -L2G -nceph1 ceph-volumes sudo mkfs.xfs -f /dev/ceph-volumes/ceph0 sudo mkfs.xfs -f /dev/ceph-volumes/ceph1 mkdir -p /srv/ceph/{osd0,osd1,mon0,mds0} sudo mount /dev/ceph-volumes/ceph0 /srv/ceph/osd0 sudo mount /dev/ceph-volumes/ceph1 /srv/ceph/osd1 若想直接使用裸设备的话,直接用losetup载入就可以: sudo losetup --show -f /bak/images/ceph-volumes.img2, 安装ceph-deploy sudo apt-get install ceph ceph-deploy3, 找一个工作文件夹创建集群, ceph-deploy new {ceph-node} {ceph-other-node} mkdir ceph-cluster cd /bak/work/ceph/ceph-cluster ceph-deploy new node1 #假设是多节点,就将节点都列在后面它将在当前文件夹生成ceph.conf及ceph.mon.keyring (这个相当于人工运行: ceph-authtool --create-keyring ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon "allow *' )
假设仅仅有一个节点。还须要运行:
echo "osd crush chooseleaf type = 0" >> ceph.conf echo "osd pool default size = 1" >> ceph.conf
echo "osd journal size = 100" >> ceph.conf
终于ceph.conf的内容例如以下:
[global]
fsid = f1245211-c764-49d3-81cd-b289ca82a96dmon_initial_members = node1mon_host = 10.55.61.177auth_cluster_required = cephxauth_service_required = cephxauth_client_required = cephxfilestore_xattr_use_omap = trueosd crush chooseleaf type = 0osd pool default size = 1osd journal size = 100也可继续为ceph指定网络,以下两个參数可配置在每一个段之中:
cluster network = 10.0.0.0/8
public network = 192.168.5.0/24 4, 安装Ceph基本库(ceph, ceph-common, ceph-fs-common, ceph-mds, gdisk), ceph-deploy install {ceph-node}[{ceph-node} ...]ceph-deploy purgedata node1
ceph-deploy forgetkeys
ceph-deploy install node1 #假设是多节点,就将节点都列在后面它会运行。sudo env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive DEBIAN_PRIORITY=critical apt-get -q -o Dpkg::Options::=--force-confnew --no-install-recommends --assume-yes install -- ceph ceph-mds ceph-common ceph-fs-common gdisk
5, 添加一个集群监视器, ceph-deploy mon create {ceph-node}sudo chown -R hua:root /var/run/ceph/
sudo chown -R hua:root /var/lib/ceph/ ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf mon create node1 #假设是多节点就将节点都列在后面相当于:
sudo ceph-authtool /var/lib/ceph/tmp/keyring.mon.$(hostname) --create-keyring --name=mon. --add-
key=$(ceph-authtool --gen-print-key) --cap mon 'allow *'sudo ceph-mon -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf --mkfs -i $(hostname) --keyring /var/lib/ceph/tmp/keyring.mon
.$(hostname)sudo initctl emit ceph-mon id=$(hostname)
6, 收集远程节点上的密钥到当前文件夹, ceph-deploy gatherkeys {ceph-node}
ceph-deploy gatherkeys node17, 添加osd, ceph-deploy osd prepare {ceph-node}:/path/to/directory ceph-deploy osd prepare node1:/srv/ceph/osd0 ceph-deploy osd prepare node1:/srv/ceph/osd1若使用了cephx权限的话。能够:
OSD_ID=$(sudo ceph -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf osd create)
sudo ceph -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf auth get-or-create osd.${OSD_ID} mon 'allow profile osd ' osd 'allow *' | sudo tee ${CEPH_DATA_DIR}/osd/ceph-${OSD_ID}/keyring 8, 激活OSD, ceph-deploy osd activate {ceph-node}:/path/to/directory sudo ceph-deploy osd activate node1:/srv/ceph/osd0sudo ceph-deploy osd activate node1:/srv/ceph/osd1
若出现错误ceph-disk: Error: No cluster conf found。那是须要清空/src/ceph/osd09, 复制 admin 密钥到其他节点, 复制 ceph.conf, ceph.client.admin.keyring 到 ceph{1,2,3}:/etc/ceph ceph-deploy admin node110, 验证 sudo ceph -s sudo ceph osd tree 11, 加入新的mon 多个mon能够高可用, 1)改动/etc/ceph/ceph.conf文件。如改动:mon_initial_members = node1 node2 2) 同步配置到其他节点,ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push node1 node2 3) 创建mon, ceph-deploy node1 node212, 加入新mds, 仅仅有文件系统仅仅须要mds,眼下官方仅仅推荐在生产环境中使用一个 mds。 13, 作为文件系统使用直接mount就可以,mount -t ceph node1:6789:/ /mnt -o name=admin,secret=<keyring>14, 作为块设备使用: sudo modprobe rbd sudo ceph osd pool set data min_size 2 sudo rbd create --size 1 -p data test1 #创建1M块设备/dev/rbd/{poolname}/imagename sudo rbd map test1 --pool data sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/rbd/data/test115, 命令操作 1)默认有3个池 $ sudo rados lspools data metadata rbd 创建池:$ sudo rados mkpool nova 2)将data池的文件副本数设为2, 此值是副本数(总共同拥有2个osd, 假设仅仅有一个osd的话就设置为1),假设不设置这个就命令一直不返回 $ sudo ceph osd pool set data min_size 2 set pool 0 min_size to 1 3)上传一个文件,$ sudo rados put test.txt ./test.txt --pool=data 4)查看文件, $ sudo rados -p data ls test.txt 5)查看对象位置 $ sudo ceph osd map data test.txt osdmap e9 pool 'data' (0) object 'test.txt' -> pg 0.8b0b6108 (0.8) -> up ([0], p0) acting ([0], p0) $ cat /srv/ceph/osd0/current/0.8_head/test.txt__head_8B0B6108__0 test 6)加入一个新osd后,能够用“sudo ceph -w”命令看到对象在群体内迁移16, Ceph与Cinder集成, 见:http://ceph.com/docs/master/rbd/rbd-openstack/ 1) 集建池 sudo ceph osd pool create volumes 8 sudo ceph osd pool create images 8 sudo ceph osd pool set volumes min_size 2 sudo ceph osd pool set images min_size 2 2) 配置glance-api, cinder-volume, nova-compute的节点作为ceph client。由于我的全部是一台机器就不须要运行下列步骤 a, 都须要ceph.conf, ssh {openstack-server} sudo tee /etc/ceph/ceph.conf < /etc/ceph/ceph.conf b, 都须要安装ceph client, sudo apt-get install python-ceph ceph-common c, 为images池创建cinder用户,为images创建glance用户。并给用户赋予权限 sudo ceph auth get-or-create client.cinder mon 'allow r' osd 'allow class-read object_prefixrbd_children,allow rwx pool=volumes,allow rx pool=images' sudo ceph auth get-or-create client.glance mon 'allow r' osd 'allow class-read object_prefixrbd_children,allow rwx pool=images'\假设涉及了权限的话。命令看起来像这样:
ceph --name mon. --keyring /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-p01-storage-a1-e1c7g8/keyring auth get-or-create client.nova-compute mon allow rw osd allow rwx
d, 为cinder和glance生成密钥(ceph.client.cinder.keyring与ceph.client.glance.keyring)sudo chown -R hua:root /etc/ceph
ceph auth get-or-create client.glance | ssh {glance-api-server} sudo tee /etc/ceph/ceph.client.glance.keyring ssh {glance-api-server} sudo chown hua:root /etc/ceph/ceph.client.glance.keyring ceph auth get-or-create client.cinder | ssh {volume-server} sudo tee /etc/ceph/ceph.client.cinder.keyring ssh {cinder-volume-server} sudo chown hua:root /etc/ceph/ceph.client.cinder.keyringe, 配置glance, /etc/glance/glance-api.conf。注意,是追加,放在后面
default_store=rbd
rbd_store_user=glance rbd_store_pool=images show_image_direct_url=True f, 为nova-compute的libvirt进程也生成它所须要的ceph密钥client.cinder.key sudo ceph auth get-key client.cinder | ssh {compute-node} tee /etc/ceph/client.cinder.key $ sudo ceph auth get-key client.cinder | ssh node1 tee /etc/ceph/client.cinder.key AQAXe6dTsCEkBRAA7MbJdRruSmW9XEYy/3WgQA== $ uuidgen e896efb2-1602-42cc-8a0c-c032831eef17 $ cat > secret.xml <<EOF <secret ephemeral='no' private='no'> <uuid>e896efb2-1602-42cc-8a0c-c032831eef17</uuid> <usage type='ceph'> <name>client.cinder secret</name> </usage> </secret> EOF $ sudo virsh secret-define --file secret.xml Secret e896efb2-1602-42cc-8a0c-c032831eef17 created $ sudo virsh secret-set-value --secret e896efb2-1602-42cc-8a0c-c032831eef17 --base64 $(cat /etc/ceph/client.cinder.key) $ rm client.cinder.key secret.xmlvi /etc/nova/nova.conf
libvirt_images_type=rbd
libvirt_images_rbd_pool=volumeslibvirt_images_rbd_ceph_conf=/etc/ceph/ceph.confrbd_user=cinderrbd_secret_uuid=e896efb2-1602-42cc-8a0c-c032831eef17libvirt_inject_password=falselibvirt_inject_key=falselibvirt_inject_partition=-2并重新启动nova-compute服务后在计算节点能够运行:
sudo rbd --keyring /etc/ceph/client.cinder.key --id nova-compute -p cinder ls
f,配置cinder.conf并重新启动cinder-volume,
sudo apt-get install librados-dev librados2 librbd-dev python-ceph radosgw radosgw-agent
cinder-volume --config-file /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
volume_driver =cinder.volume.drivers.rbd.RBDDriver rbd_pool=volumes glance_api_version= 2 rbd_user = cinder rbd_secret_uuid = e896efb2-1602-42cc-8a0c-c032831eef17 rbd_ceph_conf=/etc/ceph/ceph.conf17, 运行一个实例
wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.2/cirros-0.3.2-x86_64-disk.img
qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O raw cirros-0.3.2-x86_64-disk.img cirros-0.3.2-x86_64-disk.raw
glance image-create --name cirros --disk-format raw --container-format ovf --file cirros-0.3.2-x86_64-disk.raw --is-public True
$ glance index
ID Name Disk Format Container Format Size ------------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------- -------------------- --------------dbc2b04d-7bf7-4f78-bdc0-859a8a588122 cirros raw ovf 41126400$ rados -p images ls
rbd_id.dbc2b04d-7bf7-4f78-bdc0-859a8a588122cinder create --image-id dbc2b04d-7bf7-4f78-bdc0-859a8a588122 --display-name storage1 1
cinder list
18, Destroying a clustercd /bak/work/ceph/ceph-cluster/
ceph-deploy purge node1
ceph-deploy purgedata node1
rm -rf /bak/work/ceph/ceph-cluster/* sudo umount /srv/ceph/osd0sudo umount /srv/ceph/osd1
mkdir -p /srv/ceph/{osd0,mon0,mds0}devstack对ceph的支持见:https://review.openstack.org/#/c/65113/
一些调试经验:
收集数据
ceph status --format=json-pretty, 提供健康状态,monitors, osds和placement groups的状态,当前的epochceph health detail --format=json-pretty, 提供像monitors,placement groups的错误和警告信息等ceph osd tree --format=json-pretty, 提供了osd的状态,以及osd在哪个cluster上问诊Placement Groupsceph health detailceph pg dump_stuck --format=json-prettyceph pg map <pgNum>ceph pg <pgNum>ceph -w 比如:pg 4.63 is stuck unclean for 2303.828665, current state active+degraded, last acting [2,1]它说明4.63这个placement groups位于pool 4, stuck了2303.828665秒,这个pg里的[2, 1]这些osd受到了影响a, inactive状态,通常是osd是down状态的,'ceph pg <pgNum>'b, unclean状态。意味着object没有拷贝到期望的备份数量,这通常是recovery有问题c, Degraded状态。复制数量多于osd数量时可能出现这种情况,'ceph -w'可查看复制过程d, Undersized状态,意味着placement groups和pgnum不匹配,通常是配置错误。像池的pgnum配置的太多, cluster's crush map, 或者osd没空间了。总之。是有什么情况阻止了crush算法为pg选择osde, Stale状态,pg内没有osd报告状态时是这种,可能osd离线了,重新启动osd去重建PG替换出错的osd或磁盘见:http://ceph.com/docs/master/rados/operations/add-or-rm-osds/总得来说:Remove the OSD1, Mark the OSD as out of the cluster2, Wait for the data migration throughout the cluster (ceph -w)3, Stop the OSD4, Remove the OSD from the crushmap (ceph osd crush remove <osd.name>)5, Delete the OSD’s authentication (ceph auth del <osd.num>)6, Remove the OSD entry from any of the ceph.conf files.Adding the OSD1, Create the new OSD (ceph osd create <cluster-uuid> [osd_num]2, Create a filesystem on the OSD3, Mount the disk to the OSD directory4, Initialize the OSD directory & create auth key5, Allow the auth key to have access to the cluster6, Add the OSD to the crushmap7, Start the OSD磁盘Hung了无法unmountecho offline > /sys/block/$DISK/device/stateecho 1 > /sys/block/$DISK/device/delete恢复incomplete PGs
在ceph集群中。假设有的节点没有空间的话easy造成incomplete PGs。恢复起来非常困难,能够採用osd_find_best_info_ignore_history_les这招(在ceph.conf中设置osd_find_best_info_ignore_history_les选项后。 PG peering进程将忽略last epoch。从头在历史日志中找到和此PG相关的信息回放)。能够採用reweight-by-utilization參数控制不要发生一个节点空间不够的情况。 參考:1, http://blog.scsorlando.com/post/2013/11/21/Ceph-Install-and-Deployment-in-a-production-environment.aspx2, http://mathslinux.org/?p=441
3, http://blog.zhaw.ch/icclab/deploy-ceph-and-start-using-it-end-to-end-tutorial-installation-part-13/4, http://dachary.org/?p=1971
5, http://blog.csdn.net/EricGogh/article/details/243481276, https://wiki.debian.org/OpenStackCephHowto7, http://ceph.com/docs/master/rbd/rbd-openstack/#configure-openstack-to-use-ceph8, http://openstack.redhat.com/Using_Ceph_for_Cinder_with_RDO_Havana9, http://dachary.org/?
p=2374